What action can the Commission take against the UK? Does the UK have any defences that it can rely on?

Presentation The European Commission is required to guarantee that all Member States conform to EU law and consequently search out any encroachments that are occurring. In the event that important, the Commission may stop such encroachments by starting procedures in the European Court of Justice (ECJ); Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen. Such procedures are brought under Articles 258, 259 and 260 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) (beforehand Articles 226, 277 and 228 of the European Community (EC)). In the moment situation, the Commission has chosen to make a move against the UK under Article 258 TFEU for neglecting to satisfy its commitments under the Treaty. This is being done in light of the fact that the UK has neglected to actualize the new Directive (the Directive), received by the Council of Europe, that should have been executed by all Member States by the 1 February 2014. Article 258 states; â€Å"If the Commission thinks about that as a Member State had neglected to satisfy a commitment under the Treaties, it will convey a contemplated supposition on the issue in the wake of allowing the State concerned the chance to present its observations†. The UK will accordingly have a chance to raise any barriers inside the time that has been indicated by the Commission. On the off chance that the UK neglects to present its perceptions, the Commission may then bring the issue before the ECJ as appeared in Commission v United Kingdom. Here, it was held by the ECJ that; â€Å"assuming the Commission’s entries are right, it isn't for the Court to give such a translation with the point of revising Article 2(1) of the Thirteenth Directive†. This case shows that regardless of whether the Commission makes a move against the UK, this doesn't imply that the ECJ will intercede. As called attention to by Haynes; â€Å"the Court has throughout the years been to some degree conflicting as far as the level of inte rventionism where it is set up to take part so as to ensure and protect the uprightness of Community enactment and to resolve those irregularities that unavoidably creep in.† Despite this, it is dependent upon the Commission to choose whether encroachment procedures should be initiated; Alfons Lutticke GmbH v Commission. The Commission in this manner assumes a significant job in propelling encroachment procedures against Member States and is equipped for making â€Å"whatever move it esteems fitting in light of either a protest or signs of encroachments which it recognizes itself.† An investigatory procedure will initially be attempted, which will at that point be trailed by a letter of formal notification that will be served upon the Member State. When a letter of formal notification has been served upon the Member State, where fundamental, a referral to the ECJ will at that point be made. The technique that has been built up under Article 258 TFEU comprises of two sta ges; pre-suit and case. The goal of the pre-prosecution stage is to furnish a Member State with the chance to follow the Treaty necessities or give an avocation of its explanations behind not doing as such; Commision v France. Thusly, the Commission is equipped for utilizing the pre-suit stage as an instrument to convince the UK to agree to the Directive. On the off chance that the Commission is fruitless in convincing the UK to agree to the Directive, the pre-suit stage will be utilized as a methods for characterizing the topic of the debate; Joined Cases 142/80 and 143/80 Essevi and Salengo. It will at that point be dependent upon the ECJ to decide if the UK has penetrated its obligations under the Treaty; Germany v Commission. In speaking with the UK on its encroachment, all things considered, the Commission will utilize the EU Pilot that was built up as a methods for correspondence between the Commission and Member States. On the off chance that the EU Pilot neglects to determin e the contest, the Commission may prompt encroachment procedures by allowing the UK the chance to present its perceptions. This is finished by giving a letter of formal notification; Commission v Austria. The UK will thusly get the opportunity to present its explanations behind not executing the Directive as appeared in Commission v Portugal. As needs be, it will subsequently be contended that there was pressure on parliamentary time and that the Directive will be actualized in the blink of an eye. The UK will likewise have the option to advance its perceptions on Portugal’s non-execution of the Directive and the way that it is ahead of schedule to bring a requirement activity against the UK. On the off chance that the Commission doesn't concur with the UK’s reaction and the UK has not made any endeavor to actualize the Directive, the Commission may line this up with a contemplated Opinion, which may then prompt an activity before the ECJ; Commission v Germany. The Com mission, as its would like to think, will set out the activity it requires the UK to take so as to consent to the Directive and the reasons why it thinks the UK has neglected to satisfy one of its Treaty commitments; Commission v Italy. While the time furthest reaches that will be set down will be founded on various variables, including the desperation of the issue, almost certainly, the UK will have around 60 days to react to the contemplated Opinion. This is proposed to offer the UK a chance to go along or set forward its privilege of safeguard as delineated in Commission v Luxembourg. In the event that the UK doesn't follow the contemplated Opinion, the Commission will be fit for choosing whether the issue ought to be brought before the ECJ. The ECJ won't be worried about the nature or earnestness of the encroachment; Commission v Netherlands, yet rather whether there has been an inability to satisfy commitments; Commission v Italy and the weight of confirmation will be on the Co mmission. Given that there has been a disappointment by the UK to satisfy its Treaty commitments under the new Directive, the ECJ will find that there has been an encroachment. Despite the fact that the UK might have the option to advance a resistance that the Directive will be executed in the blink of an eye, it is suspicious that this will do the trick as there is almost no odds that protections to encroachment are fruitful; Commission v Germany and Commission v Austria. Nor will the UK have the option to contend that there has been pressure on Parliamentary time since it was prove in Commission v Spain that Member States may not argue that circumstances or works on existing in its inward legitimate request have caused the encroachment as this won't legitimize an inability to agree to commitments under EU law. By and by, in Commission v Italy had the option to depend on power majeure to legitimize rebelliousness when it experienced impermanent insuperable troubles keeping it from consistence. Weight on parliamentary time isn't probably going to be viewed as a brief insuperable troublesome. Besides, the way that Portugal has neglected to execute the Directive will be insignificant as it was clarified in the Commission v France case that a Member State can't depend on a potential encroachment of the Treaties by another Member State to legitimize its own encroachment. Since the UK has battled that it will actualize the Directive in the blink of an eye, all things considered, the rule of true dependability (Article 4(3) TFEU) will apply. This guideline shows that Member States will act in compliance with common decency by co-working and giving the Commission will the applicable data it demands; Commission v Luxembourg. 2. Does Mr Steymann have any legitimate option to seek after the issue himself in EU Law? Mr Steymann won't have the option to welcome an activity to the ECJ on the premise that his advantages have been hurt by the UK’s inability to actuali ze the Directive; Star Fruit Co. v Commission. Be that as it may, he will have two choices accessible to him. He can either submit a question to the Commission, which may bring about the Commission starting procedures under Article 258 TFEU, or he can acquire procedures the UK courts under the guideline of direct impact. When a protest is gotten by the Commission, a choice will at that point be made with respect to whether procedures should be started against the UK. In settling on this choice, the Commission will demand its optional capacity to decide if it merits beginning procedures. In Commission v Greece a grievance was made to the Commission, which brought about procedures being initiated. The Commission, as its would see it, set up that there was an enthusiasm for bringing procedures and the activity was considered permissible to the extent that it concerned the topic of the question. EU law encroachments may likewise be tested under the watchful eye of national courts, throu gh the rule of direct impact. All things considered, Mr Steymann might have the option to seek after the issue himself the UK courts he if can show that the Directive has direct impact and that there exists a proper cure. When the UK executes the Directive, Mr Steyman will in all probability sell more gas boilers as he gives off an impression of being burdened by the way that the UK has neglected to actualize the new Directive. It will be increasingly costly to produce the hardware in the UK in consistence with EU law, which will keep UK makers from having the option to sell the boilers at a much lower cost. The guideline of direct impact permits Member States to be tested at national level by disputants looking to depend on the immediate impact of EU law. Mr Steymann will in this manner be fit for exploiting the immediate impact standard, which empowers people to promptly summon an European arrangement before a national or European court as featured in Van Gend en Loos v Nederlands e Administratie der Belastingen. As the result in the moment situation is between an individual and the State, Mr Steymann will have the option to summon the European arrangement through vertical direct impact. For a Directive to have direct impact, in any case, the commitments must be clear, exact and unqualified. This was recognized in Van Duyn v Home Office it was held by the Cour

Should cell phones be allowed on airplanes Essay - 2

Should mobile phones be permitted on planes - Essay Example Planes are delicate to signals that are coming into and leaving them. The way that planes can be blocked by these signs is a disturbing issue which must be raised at all fronts. Significantly progressively significant is the truth that day breaks upon everybody †phones are the bane most definitely. They should be restricted at the most punctual and permitting the clients to convey or message through them is deadly to the premise of security while being on a flight. The inquiry that emerges here is that how might individuals have the option to keep in contact with their precious ones, particularly when the flights take a great deal of time. One will accept that there is positively not a viable alternative for security of the travelers and nothing ought to be permitted on the off chance that it comes in the wake of the equivalent. Henceforth PDAs because of their perilous signs and comparative transmission issues ought to be indicated the entryway to the extent the planes are conn ected. Since planes have cutting edge innovation systems working in them, it is the obligation of the aircraft to guarantee that the mobile phones are not permitted regardless of how troublesome the conditions are or how compelling the travelers end up being. The guidelines are equivalent to far as the utilization of phones are concerned (Bedord 2008). There have been a few carriers which have permitted their travelers to utilize PDAs yet what these carriers are overlooking is the way that these mobile phones can have genuine downsides on the smooth working of the airplanes just as the signs which are being sent to the pilot just as transmitted from his end. A lot of duty rests with the pilots and their group to guarantee that the airplanes are sans pda since this is in the better enthusiasm of one and all. One of the most significant explanations for maintaining a strategic distance from mobile phone use lies in the examination that has been led up to this point. It has been shown that

What Are The Various Topics That Can Be Used For Essay Topics?

What Are The Various Topics That Can Be Used For Essay Topics?UBE essay topics are given for assignments where the student can write about a particular topic. Such topics are usually about living in Australia. While writing the essay, one can use relevant materials and resources. Here are the possible topics for this type of assignment.There are various topics to consider when you want to write an essay about Australia. First of all, consider which country is closest to your own. So you can start with writing about the events or occurrences that happened to you in Australia.One thing that you need to know about UBE essay topics is that the theme of the essay is the main subject of the essay. However, not all essays on specific themes are written based on facts and figures. UBE essays have the tendency to be written to convince the reader of some point of view. The purpose of such essays is to generate interest in the reader. In fact, people read these essays because they want to know what the writer wants to know.There are several subjects that are commonly used as UBE essay topics. These subjects include history, literature, fashion, religion, politics, sports, and travel. But before getting started on such topics, make sure that you understand what the students are doing.It is imperative to start writing a specific topic to identify the appropriate thesis statement. This needs to be in line with the theme of the essay and it needs to be compatible with the professor's pre-written question. A good way to determine the tone of the essay is to ask the students for their comments on the topic.There are also some helpful tips to use when writing UBE essay topics. First of all, it is important to make sure that the essay is not too technical. There are many students who get intimidated and shy away from writing an essay on a certain topic because they feel they are lacking in technical expertise. If this is the case, consider writing a short essay instead. This wil l help the student avoid overusing technical terminology.It is also important to consider how much information you want to provide to the reader in the essay. Although this may sound like a challenge, it is actually easier to create a concise yet coherent argument in a short essay. Also, the essay must be focused on only one or two topics to avoid creating multiple, unrelated essays.You can find UBE essay topics in different forms online. The best resource that you can use is to use a dictionary for the topic and look up related terms in the Internet. Besides, you can also find lists of words and definitions of the topic.

The Implementation Of Anti Bullying Initiatives - 976 Words

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Famous Quotes About Elvis Presley

Nobody refrained from voicing his or her opinions about Elvis Presley. Some of them were harsh in judgment; while other put him on a higher pedestal. Whichever way you see, Elvis Presley was a strong influence that people could not choose to ignore. Here is a collection of quotes about Elvis Presley made by the movers and shakers of society. These quotes give you an insight into the enigma that was Elvis Presley. Frank Sinatra His kind of music is deplorable, a rancid smelling aphrodisiac. It fosters almost totally negative and destructive reactions in young people. Rod Stewart Elvis was the king. No doubt about it. People like myself, Mick Jagger and all the others only followed in his footsteps. Mick Jagger He was a unique artist†¦ an original in an area of imitators. Hal Wallis (Producer) A Presley picture is the only sure thing in Hollywood. John Landau There is something magical about watching a man who has lost himself find his way back home. He sang with the kind of power people no longer expect from rock n roll singers. Greil Marcus It was the finest music of his life. If ever there was music that bleeds, this was it. Jackie Wilson A lot of people have accused Elvis of stealing the black mans music, when in fact almost every black solo entertainer copied his stage mannerisms from Elvis. Bruce Springsteen There have been a lot of tough guys. There have been pretenders. And there have been contenders. But there is only one king. Bob Dylan When I first heard Elvis voice I just knew that I wasnt going to work for anybody; and nobody was going to be my boss. Hearing him for the first time was like busting out of jail. Leonard Bernstein Elvis is the greatest cultural force in the twentieth century. He introduced the beat to everything, music, language, clothes, its a whole new social revolution†¦ the 60s comes from it. Frank Sinatra There have been many accolades uttered about Elvis talent and performances through the years, all of which I agree with wholeheartedly. I shall miss him dearly as a friend. He was a warm, considerate and generous man. President Jimmy Carter, on Elvis Death Elvis Presleys death deprives our country of a part of itself. He was unique, irreplaceable. More than twenty years ago, he burst upon the scene with an impact that was unprecedented and will probably never be equaled. His music and his personality, fusing the styles of white country and black rhythm and blues, permanently changed the face of American popular culture. His following was immense. And he was a symbol to people the world over of the vitality, rebelliousness and good humor of this country. Al Green Elvis had an influence on everybody with his musical approach. He broke the ice for all of us. Huey Lewis A lot has been written and said about why he was so great, but I think the best way to appreciate his greatness is just to go back and play some of the old records. Time has a way of being very unkind to old records, but Elvis keep getting better and better. Time Magazine Without preamble, the three--piece band cuts loose. In the spotlight, the lanky singer flails furious rhythms on his guitar, every now and then breaking a string. In a pivoting stance, his hips swing sensuously from side to side and his entire body takes on a frantic quiver, as if he had swallowed a jackhammer. John Lennon Before Elvis, there was nothing. Johnny Carson If life was fair, Elvis would be alive and all the impersonators would be dead. Eddie Condon (Cosmopolitan) It isnt enough to say that Elvis is kind to his parents, sends money home, and is the same unspoiled kid he was before all the commotion began. That still isnt a free ticket to behave like a sex maniac in public. Ed Sullivan I wanted to say to Elvis Presley and the country that this is a real decent, fine boy. Howard Thompson As the lad himself might say, cut my legs off and call me Shorty! Elvis Presley can act. Acting is his assignment in this shrewdly upholstered showcase, and he does it. Carl Perkins This boy had everything. He had the looks, the moves, the manager, and the talent. And he didnt look like Mr. Ed like a lot of the rest of us did. In the way he looked, way he talked, way he acted†¦ he really was different.

What Do You Learn About Steinbeck’s View of Human Nature...

This essay is about how John Steinbeck represents human nature and the nice and unfavourable qualities people had during the American depression in the 1930s where the story ‘Of Mice and Men’ took place. The story shows the way different people will react diversely to various situations. In this case, living with the trouble of having to travel to faraway places to search for jobs. It shows how some people can behave overly difficult while others can be calm, friendly and easy to live with. The many characters in the story represent the many different combinations of worthy and unworthy qualities but this essay shall concentrate on three characters Slim, Curley and Crooks. In ‘Of Mice and Men’, John Steinbeck uses the character Slim to†¦show more content†¦Crooks is a very good representation of a victim of one of the worst qualities in humans – racism. He also represents how some people may react to such mistreatment. He shows how the cruelty to victims can change them and cause them to feel lonely and sometimes angry in Crooks’ case. ‘I can’t play because I’m black.’ This shows how racist people exclude him from activities and such like just because he is black in colour showing racial prejudice. Crooks also expresses the intolerance shown towards him by other people when he says ‘If I say something, why it’s just a nigger sayin’ it.’ Another example of the discrimination is when Candy compliments his room and crooks replies in the tone of sarcasm, ‘Sure, and a manure pile under the window.’ His living conditions also show the lack of respect toward s Crooks – his ‘ bunk was a long box filled with hay.’ Although Crooks has to live in this way, John Steinbeck writes how he takes it and gets on with it. ‘He kept his distance and demanded that other people kept theirs. Crooks also shows his loneliness – Sometimes he gets thinkin’, an’ he got nothing to tell him what’s so an’ what ain’t so.’ This shows how he, unlike Lennie, has no one to talk to or share thoughts with, no one to express his feelings to or ask a question.

Differences Between Subtle And Overt Racism Free Sample

Question: Write about theDifferences Between Subtle and Overt Racism. Answer: Introduction Subtle is a discriminatory form of racism, it has a large impact to psychological distress like symptoms relating to anxiety and depression. This type of racism is not seen at first glance, it is hidden, very delicate and difficult to analyze in contrary to overt racism which is obvious, can be seen as well as felt. This was explained in the lecture on racism by professor in Psychiatric known as Samuel Noh at Toronto University (Noh, 2007). In the documentary of a class divided, both the teachers and the students were surprised with the two day exercise, during the exercise those students who were discriminated and treated as inferior behaved exactly as inferior and ended up performing poorly in class work because they were distressed unlike those who behaved as superior performed well in the tests (Wolfe, 1996). I do not like how the teacher treats the children by dividing them according to the eye color. That is very bad because it led for the depressed children feel inferior. In the study survey that was done on the Korean Immigrants who were middle-aged currently living in Toronto. The participants reported that overt discrimination is associated with moods that are not positive, while subtle racism showed an association with psychological distress (Link, 1999). In the wave tool, Boatie is scared about the wave and this affects him psychologically up to the point he is scared unlike Collecting Pipis who says that nobody cares about the amount of the waves as long he is not affected. That clears shows how Boatie is discriminated while Collecting Pipis never cares about Boaties suffering. I do not completely support Collecting Pipis because this character totally does not care what his friend feels. Also in the Elliots class, the children were divided by eye color; the brown and the blue eye color. On the very first day, children who have blue eyes are told by Elliot are better, smarter, neater and nicer while those with brown eyes were discriminated and s eparated so that they would not interact with those with blue eye color. The brown changed their mood which was not positive in terms of performance (Peters, 1971). I do like the steps that the teacher takes to divide the class according to their eye-color because this is shown to be the highest form of discrimination. Overt racism involves racist remarks, which is an open form of discrimination, but when it comes to subtle racism, it is not possible to point out. Overt racism remarks are seen in the wave tool when Collecting Pipis says that nobody cares with how big the wave is. Such kind of remark is discriminatory to Boatie. Also subtle racism is seen in the wave tool where the Helicopter does not understand the kind of the wave others are talking about, the wave here is subtle racism which is not possible to pin out. For instance, if your friend invites other friends to breakfast but fails to invite you, it is not possible to discern if surely they have known one another for quite a long period of time, because they are either uncomfortable with you or they do not just like your race. This is seen in the wave tool when sitting stramper not able to figure out what exactly others are talking about. I feel bad when friends treat others in terms of subtle racism because it denies others freedom of association. The analysis done by the University of Toronto found that overt discrimination is associated with experiencing its effect, while that of subtle discrimination influences how an individual think about what happened earlier (Reid,2010). In the wave tool, the standing woman seem to have an experience of the overt racism when she says that she does not have any clue concerning the waves the others are talking about but she seem to understand the kind of the wave she has seen or experienced. I feel so bad when some people especially women undergo some form of discrimination, in the wave tool the woman seen depressed because of her experience of being discriminated. Subtle racism happens when there is an interaction with different people who are very close, such as friends, colleagues and managers. Therefore, this makes it hard to figure out. This is because those who are experiencing such form of discrimination try to figure out what exactly is happening, such people start to examine their role in the society including whether they are truly accepted by people around them. Generally, this form of racism affects a persons self-esteem because of his continuous appraisal of his ability as a person. I learned from the video of the class divided hat depressed individuals personalize rejection and this directs to their personal failings. It is suggested that if the immigrants recognize the function played by subtle racism, it may serve them as a greatest protective factor. The impact that racism brings to the individuals may negatively affect them even in their lifetime, for example in the documentary a class divided one of the Elliots former student who watched himself on film and talked about the negative impact the lesson has had on his attitude. Conclusion In conclusion, some researchers have come up with an analysis that depressed individuals personalize rejection and this directs to their personal failings. Therefore, I suggest that if the immigrants recognize the function played by subtle racism, it may serve them as a greatest protective factor. Verla a former student of the lecture on racism in a class divided says that nobody wants to be discriminated in one way or the other nobody likes it when he is hated by others. This statement clearly shows that indeed any form of racism is bad since it affects the mental psychology of the one experiencing it. Likewise in the wave tool, Boatie does not like the wave because it makes him scary. Therefore; nobody likes to experience any form of racism because it makes him depressed and scary. Im on the opinion that subtle and overt racism are bad and people should not discriminate others like what happened in the wave tool as well as in the film entitled A class divided. References Bennett, G. G., Merritt, M. M., Edwards, C. L., Sollers, J. J. (2004). Perceived racism and affective responses to ambiguous interpersonal interactions among African American men. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(7), 963-976. Link, B. G., Phelan, J. C., Bresnahan, M., Stueve, A., Pescosolido, B. A. (1999). Public conceptions of mental illness: labels, causes, dangerousness, and social distance. American journal of public health, 89(9), 1328-1333. Noh, S., Kaspar, V., Wickrama, K. A. S. (2007). Overt and subtle racial discrimination and mental health: Preliminary findings for Korean immigrants. American Journal of Public Health, 97(7), 1269-1274. Peters, W. (1971). A class divided. Doubleday. Reid, L. D., Foels, R. (2010). Cognitive complexity and the perception of subtle racism. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 291-301. Wolfe, C. T., Spencer, S. J. (1996). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their overt and subtle influence in the classroom. The American Behavioral Scientist, 40(2), 176.

Euthanasia Essays (823 words) - Euthanasia, Medical Ethics

Euthanasia Euthanasia (also known as mercy killing) is the act or practice of painlessly putting to death persons suffering from painful or incurable disease or incapacitating physical disorder. The question about weather this is morally right or wrong has posed a major ethical dilemma on the world today. The advance of medical technology is bringing a steadily growing majority of deaths into hospitals where life, of a sort, may be prolonged for a long time. Someone has to decide what nature used to decide for us. That decision is no longer taken privately in a small family group but amidst a constantly changing crowd of doctors, nurses, patients and technicians. Because there is no specific provision for Euthanasia in most systems, it is considered suicide, if done by the patient, or murder, if done by the doctor. A physician may lawfully decide not to prolong the life of some one who is in extreme pain and suffering. They may administer drugs to relieve pain, even though the doctor knows this may shorted the life of the patient. In several European countries, there were there were special provisions in their criminal codes for lenient sentencing and consideration of extenuating circumstances in prosecutions for euthanasia. Dr. Jack Kevorkian, a doctor who openly supports euthanasia has been in and out of court and jail for being held responsible for the deaths of over 50 people that were in his care at the time of death. His ?suicide machine? has helped many end their lives. Although no one thinks that Kevorkian was thought of as a murderer by the patients, it raises many ethical questions about whether it should be decided by doctor or patient when it is time to die. The opinion that euthanasia is morally permissible dates back to Socrates, Plato and the Stoics. It is rejected in traditional Christian beliefs, mainly because it is thought to come within the prohibition of murder in the Sixth Commandment. The organized movement to for legislation commenced in England in 1935 when C. Killick Millard founded the Voluntary Euthanasia Legislation Society. The society's bill was defeated in the House Of Lords in 1950. In the United States, the Euthanasia Society was founded in 1938. The medical professionals, family members and the patients face the decision of when a terminally ill person should die. The Supreme Court has ruled that any person deemed competent may refuse medical treatment or nutrition. Ten thousand people in the US alone are in a permanent vegetative state and therefore can not express their own interests and opinions in the matter of their own life. In cases such as this, the decision is left to the family. When this happens, other factors are brought into the decision, such as how much stress the family is under, and most of all, the cost to keep a person on life support that could stay on for an extended amount of time. The cost for this is very high, often too much for the family. These and many other decisions can waiver the families decision and over ride the interest of the patient involved. (Hubert,89) The potential of modern medical practice to prolong life through technological means has provoked the question of what must be done by the physician and the family in cases of extreme physical or emotional suffering, especially if the patient is incapable of choice. Passively doing nothing to prolong life or withdrawing life support measures has resulted in criminal charges being brought against physicians; on the other hand, the families of comatose and apparently terminal patients have set up legal action against the medical establishment to make them stop using extraordinary life support. Euthanasia in the news I recently found an article from a newspaper posted on the Internet about a woman trying to remove a tube from her husbands' mouth. Virginia News Summary Friday, September 25, 1998 Judge To Hear Coma Case (MANASSAS) -- A state judge will hear arguments this afternoon on a woman's effort to remove a feeding tube keeping her comatose husband alive. Michelle Finn says her husband, Hugh... a former T-V anchorman in Kentucky... once told her he would never want to be kept alive in that condition. However, Hugh Finn's family has

Batteries Essays - Rechargeable Batteries, Battery, Primary Cell

Batteries Essays - Rechargeable Batteries, Battery, Primary Cell Batteries I choose thus project because when watching television both name brand batteries claim to be the best. I wanted to see which one actually did last the longest. The Encyclopedia?s I did my research in say a battery is a device which transforms chemical energy. The term is usually applied to a group of two or more electric cells connected together electrically. In comman usage the term battery is also applied to a single cell, such as a flashlight battery. There are in general two types of batteries, primary batteries and secondary storage or accumulator batteries. primary types, although sometimes consisting of the same palliative materials as secondary types, are constructed so that only one continuous or intermittent discharge can be obtained. Secondary types are contracted so that they may be recharged, following a April or comply discharged, by the flow of direct current throughout them in a different appreciate to the current flow or discharge. By recharging after discharge, a higher state of oxidation is create at the at positive plate or electrode and a lower state at the negative plate, returning the plate to approximately their original charged condition. Both the primary and secondary cells are manufactured in many size and design from the small electric wristwatch battery and the small penlight battery to the large submarine battery, where a single cell has weights 1 tons. It all applications the cell must be constructed for its particular service, so that the best performance may be obtained consistent with cost, weight, space, and operational requirement. Automotive and aircraft batteries generally used thin positive and negative plate with thin separation to conserve space and weight and to provide high rate of current discharge at low

Impure public goods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Impure public goods - Essay Example For example, people can pay to enter a showground to witness fireworks but the ones who failed to pay can still watch the fireworks being launched through their windows. Alternatively, people pay for cable television services however some may decide not to pay but still watch the same programs from free to air channels (Bulte, Van Kooten and Timmothy, 2003). Non- rival condition applies in the context that an individual’s consumption of a product does not affect another person’s opportunity to utilize the same product. For instance, a person watching a football match on his/her television will not deny another person in a different setting who wants to watch the same game. The needs of both people can be satisfied simultaneously without any form of competition. However, the company managing the cable television can decide not to connect homesteads that do not pay for its services thus discontinue provision of those services to those people hence being referred to impure public goods (Arriagada and Charles, 2011). An externality is the impact of a monetary movement felt by those not straightforwardly included in the financial action. Externalities are regularly more negative, and thus it is the negative externalities that catch our consideration. Positive externalities are frequently depicted as overflow impacts to propose their belongings, and are felt by customers who were not specifically expected by their makers. The business sector trade, presumes that brokers have aggregate control over every part of their item, the costs and expenses they charge elaborate to the full cost of generation in addition to benefit, and that they can be considered responsible through the instalment of fines and different punishments for the harm brought on by their items (Arriagada and Charles, 2011). In any case, the way that their items may have positive externalities implies that the

Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 12

Technology - Essay Example Communication is an important characteristic of humans. Human beings communicate for various reasons. Therefore, communication should be effective and efficient, in order to achieve its objectives. Being a characteristic of human beings, communication has existed throughout history. However, this was done differently at various time periods. The differences in communication during different historical times base on the level of effectiveness and efficiency of communication at each historical time. Nonetheless, this also wholly depended on the level of technology at that particular period. This is mainly because technology plays an important role in shaping communication (Storm and Media Web). About one hundred years ago, the communication tools that people use today did not exist then. This could only be imagined as science fiction, owing to the low level of technological advanced during that time. Today, people can communicate through different avenues. These include cell phones, social media, fax, e-mails, and the internet. In the past however, people would communicate through letters and telegraphs, as well as word of mouth. As compared to the present tools of communication, the past communication tools were less effective and less efficient, thus unreliable (Storm and Media Web). However, today, communication is instant. Smartphones are widely used today to carry out diverse functions. These can be used for making calls, sending messages, playing games, running applications, surfing the web, and taking and storing photos, and downloading and storing music, among other functions. However, these are quite expensive today, as compared to the basic phones. In the near future, however, it is expected that the basic phones will completely fade away, so that most people will use smartphones, which will be cheaper by then. The process is gradual. People that value and

Security Domains and Strategies Essay Example for Free

Security Domains and Strategies Essay Part 1: Multi-Layered Security Plan Security is a fundamental aspect of any network infrastructure. The goal is to always have the most up to date programs and protocols to ensure the protection of the network. No aspect is too small to over look. That could mean the difference between a secure network and a compromised network. The best way to achieve this is to break down every level and approach each one as a separate entity and secure it. Then you can modify it to suit the needs of your network. We can start with the Application layer. The Application layer provides the interface to the user. First the end user should be subjected to a background check to ensure against any potential malicious or questionable acts in the users past. Then the end user should be properly trained in the use of the computer and the proper protocols to access the network. Updates should be made frequently to keep the user up to date. When the user is in the network, make sure that any unnecessary devices, USB ports and any back doors are disabled. You also want to make sure that all files and emails and downloadable attachments are all thoroughly scanned prior to downloading. Finally, be sure to ensure content filtering, and restrict the end user to only what pertains to their primary function. The Presentation layer is responsible for encoding and decoding data that is passed from the application layer to another station on the internetwork. You must first ensure that all USB ports are disabled, as well as CD and DVD. This helps to prevent any unauthorized uploads or downloads Make sure that any devices that are not pertinent to the user are disabled as well. To prevent any downloads, use filtering and antivirus scanning. Make sure that any external devices are not used unless proper authorization is obtained. Update all software regularly and enable password protection and screen lock out when the computer is inactive. The session layer is responsible for creating, managing and terminating sessions that are used by entities at the presentation layer. First you must secure the physical part by making sure that your closets are secure under lock and key and video monitored as well. Make sure that you have an access list of personnel authorized into the closet and keep a log of all who access the closets. Use the highest key possible for all wireless access points. Finally, make sure that all the work stations are individually encrypted as well. You could use two forms of authorization at the users work station. The Transport layer implements reliable internetwork data transport services that are transparent to upper-layer protocols. First you want to disable ping, probing and port scanning on all the IP devices in the LAN to WAN, this helps prevent phishing and trolling for open ports or any vulnerabilities in the network. you also need to make sure you disable all IP port numbers and monitor with intrusion detection and intrusion prevention systems. You would also like to monitor all of the inbound traffic for any questionable items and apply file transfer monitoring, scanning, and alarming for unknown files. Finally, you should continuously check for vulnerabilities and fix them when they are found, and ensure domain name content filtering is used to keep users on task. The Network layer defines routing services that allow multiple data links to be combined into an internetwork. You should first restrict using the internet for private communications, set permissions to deny any social or streaming web sites or pages. Then put firewalls in place and apply Acceptable Use Policy in accordance to the RFC 1087: Ethics and the internet. Then get your ISP to put the proper filters on its IP router interfaces. Finally, you should back up all data in an offline, and of site location. Be sure to scan all email attachments for possible threats to the network. The Data Link layer provides reliable transit of data across a physical network link. The Data Link layer also defines the physical network-addressing scheme, such as the MAC Address on network interface cards in a workstation connected to a LAN. First you should encrypt all confidential data transmissions through the service provider. You should also make sure that your access control lists are enabled and implement continuous SNMP alarms and security monitoring. The Physical layer defines the parameters necessary to build, maintain, and break the physical link connections. First set automatic blocking for attempted logon retries, this will help against dictionary attacks. You could also apply first-level and secondary level security for remote access to sensitive systems. Be sure to encrypt all private data within the database or hard drive. Finally apply real-time lockout procedures if a token is lost or device is compromised. Part 2: Student SSCP Domain Research Paper This is a multi-layered security plan. First, Assign people that are fully trained and/or provide the training that makes it possible to do the job. To prevent malicious software and etc. in the 7 domains of an IT infrastructure, you can isolate and install preventions for each domain. The domains are as follows: User Domain, Workstation Domain, LAN Domain, and LAN to WAN Domain, Remote Access Domain, WAN Domain, and the System/Application Domain. The first part of the IT infrastructure is the User Domain. It is the weakest link in the IT infrastructure and this is where the users connect to the system. You can make the user aware to the risks and threats that they are susceptible to by holding an Awareness Training session. The system is password protected however; you should change passwords every few months to prevent an attack. Also, log the users as they enter and exit the system to make sure there’s no unauthorized access. While it’s the company’s choice to allow employees to bring in USB/Removable drives, you have a threat to someone obtaining the wrong information, or getting malicious software into the system. If you allow the USB/Removable drives, have a virus scan every time someone inserts one into a company computer. In a Workstation Domain, you need to make sure virus protection is set up. You are protecting administrative, workstations, laptops, departmental workstations and servers, network and operating system software. You can enable password protection and auto screen lockout for inactive times, use workstation antivirus and malicious code policies, use content filtering and antivirus scanning at internet entry and exit, and update application software and security patches according to the policies and standards. You need to also make sure that the laptops are up to date on the anitivirus software. The LAN domain will have all the protocols for the users to make sure that they are authorized to access those areas. Make sure that the server rooms are locked and wireless access points are password protected. A LAN to WAN domain is where the IT infrastructure links to a wide area network and the internet. To prevent any problems make sure you apply strict security monitoring controls for intrusion detection, apply file transfer monitoring, and disable ping, probing and port scanning on all exterior IP devices within this domain and have an alert system when someone plugs in a removable media disk(since they are not allowed). If a problem occurs, fix it fully to make sure it doesn’t happen again. In a WAN Domain, make sure to implement encryption and acceptable use policies. Scan all email attachments and prohibit the internet for private communication (if possible). Make sure security policies are being followed and every employee is in compliance and signs an acceptable use policy. You can allow only access to the mainframe from the job site or on an acceptable laptop. For the Remote Access Domain, you need to focus on password attempts and encryption. First, you need to apply a user id and password. Then, limit the number of times that a user can enter his or her password before it locks out. Also, apply time lockout procedures on confidential data and make sure you encrypt also. Make sure you have qualified people doing their jobs correctly since they will have remote access to other people’s computers. In a System/Application Domain, it holds all the mission critical systems, such as, operating system software, applications, and data. To prevent any virus, malware, or unauthorized access into your system, apply a code of ethics, and implement daily backups. Also, apply polices, standards, and guidelines for all employees who enter and exit the building, make sure all server rooms are secure and that only the people that have access to them are entering them. In conclusion, encryption is a big part of domain security, along with firewalls and doing virus and malware scans. As long as you cover the major aspects and security measures listed in this document, that will be a big plus for your company.

Oliver Twist Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

Oliver Twist Oliver Twist, a poor, innocent orphan boy, stands out in this story as the main character, but it is the supporting characters that allow this novel to develop a much more satisfying and believable theme. With "Good V.S. Evil" as one of the major conflicts, in such categories are the secondary characters found as well. Three supporting characters of Oliver Twist aid the elaboration of the story; these significant characters are Mr. Brownlow representing purity, integrity and goodness, Nancy as partially righteous, partially villain and lastly on the other extreme of the scale: Fagin, the symbol of evil, corruption and manipulation. Throughout the story we are introduced to each of these characters through an omniscient point of view, and are able to categorize them according to their personalities, thoughts and actions. With their differing levels of honesty and social status, each of them play a crucial role in the development of the story's theme. As most of the author's characters, Mr. Brownlow too, is brought out with an indirect presentation but it is not long after introducing him that his wholesome goodness is revealed to us. Though at first he accuses Oliver of stealing, his concern over Oliver's welfare on the street is a direct hint of his innocence which successfully helps him convince Oliver to board at his house. A generous and trusting man he was, perhaps too good a man to be true; but with all the malicious characters in the story, a pure persona was needed to ensure a happy ending. With honesty and great wealth as his prime qualities, he assists Oliver in his times of need and demonstrates to society with an exemplary touch, the attributes of a perfect citizen. As the positive extreme in both social status and benevolence, Mr. Brownlow is a definite aid in the development of the theme throughout the novel. Nancy, for us, must be the weakest character. Trapped between wanting to help Oliver evade Fagin's exploitat ion and her dedicated love for Sikes; she fails to survive to the end as she is convicted and ironically murdered by her own husband: Sikes, a brutal and abusive man. But there is a great need for this secondary character in the story, she serves not only as a tie between the scenes at the different house holds but as well she is the only hope of salvation for Oliver. Without her, Oliver may have never had... ...ty in the midst of England's nineteenth century. As revealed throughout the tale, England's nineteenth century was an period of much poverty and great social problems which resulted in a society of two opposing classes: the wealthy and the poor. Within these two classes lay two other opposing forces: the good and the bad. In the same way that good and bad exist within all classes in the novel, the same thing can be said about real life. What the theme of this story says about reality is that in today’s society, it doesn't matter whether you are rich or poor, educated or not, most competent human beings possess the ability to judge right from wrong and are therefore free to make whatever choices in their lives they wish to make, provided though, that they can live with the consequences of their decisions. In Oliver's case, even just as a very young boy, he too was able to judge right from wrong and ends up choosing not to steal. As a result of his decision, young Oliver is given a happy home and a promising future. On the other hand, Fagin's judgment is not so proficient, and concluding, he remains with nothing but insanity and a solemn life in jail until his last day comes about.

An Abuse of Power Essay

Abigail is the most prominent example of power and manipulation, with far worse repercussions, fooling the court and pretending to be God’s voice to get what she wants. Hale declares before the court that â€Å"private vengeance is working through this testimony,† (105) when Proctor attempts to show the court Abigail’s machinations. She recognizes the Puritan’s fear of God, and their fear of witches, to manipulate those in power, gaining her own strength in the court and causing mass hysteria to turn in her favor. Her rise to power begins even before the hysteria, starting with the group of girls from the forest, but her tactics are no different: manipulate others to save herself. They fear being caught, and she plays to their terror, telling them if they â€Å"breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, [then she] will come to [them] in the black of some terrible night and [she] will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder [them]† (19). This threat crafts her iron grip on the girls, allowing her to lead them against the town, lying and condemning folk to save themselves from strife over their actions. Abigail’s hold remains on the girls all through the play, forcing even the most honest to turn from truth and continue their lies â€Å"when people accused of witchery confronted [them] in court, [they] would faint, saying their spirits came out of their bodies and choked [them]† (98). This is evident in the scene where Mary confesses their lies, admitting they â€Å"never saw no spirits† and â€Å"were never threatened or afflicted by any manifest of the Devil or the Devil’s agents† (98). Abigail manipulates the court, using the power she’s gained to say she does God’s work, and Mary falls back to her, carrying out Abigail’s wishes by condemning John Proctor. This is similar to how Abigail got rid of Elizabeth by accusing her in her newfound place of power, so she could be with John, a fact that he addresses, refusing to â€Å"give [his] wife to vengeance† (73) when they come to arrest her. Abigail’s attitude of controlling the girls by vicious fear of witchery is easily comparable to that of the boy Jack in Golding’s Lord of the Flies. Jack recognizes the weakness in the group of boys, using their gnawing fear of â€Å"the beast† to turn them to his side, against Ralph. Though much more direct, Jack uses his power to threaten the boys on Ralph’s side, such as Samneric, to hail to savagery and chaos, much like Abigail did to Mary. He dominates the island, getting what he wants, and eliminating those such as Piggy and Ralph, who stand in his way. Abigail’s tactic of lying, manipulating fear and abusing her power in court grants her the same reward of getting her way, and pushing aside enemies like Elisabeth. The only difference is that Abigail’s actions come with far bigger consequences, more than Parris, Putnam or Danforth, fleshed out on a larger scale of victims who fell in the face of her machinations. In the end, Arthur Miller’s Crucible is a fine study of manipulation and abuse of power, shown in various forms, through vicious antagonists, always exploiting Salem’s fear to achieve their own selfish goals and further themselves on the social food chain. What Miller is perhaps attempting to demonstrate through this play is that those in positions of power will always abuse it, especially when faith is involved, because of the â€Å"manipulation of that faith to create fear and control† (Bardem), as have done Danforth, Parris, Putnam and Abigail.

The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay - 2025 Words

â€Å"The Lottery†, by Shirley Jackson is a short story about a disturbing social practice in a village. Besides, there were about three hundred citizens in the small village where the setting took place. The introduction of â€Å"the lottery† is about an event that takes place every year on 27th in the month of June, where the community members of this tradition organize a lottery. Everyone in the village including small children to adults is expected to participate. Besides, when this story was introduced at the very first in 1948 by Shirley Jackson, many people were upset. This is because this story was so strange to undertake in modern enlightened times. Furthermore, understanding the fact†¦show more content†¦Besides, Jackson mentions â€Å"the children assembled first, of course. School was recently over for the summer and the feeling of liberty at uneasily on most of them.† (pg. 194). Here Jackson was arg uing that how the lottery was very barbaric ritual and the traditions beliefs has become a normal thing among the villagers. Further, the children even know what the lottery is about. This therefore proves how barbaric this village. In addition, modern societies today do not allow their children to participate in such events of violence and murderous acts. Comparing the time period of those days to today, many of the traditions and rituals that took place in the lottery has almost been demolished. Besides, there are traditions today that practice stoning a person to death in public. One of them is the Islamic religion. In some Muslim countries governed by shari’ah law, stoning is practiced. Among of them are Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, and United Arab Emirates (UAE). Furthermore, beginning of year 2002, announced were four stoning verdicts against women in Islamic states. One in Pakistan and Sudan and two were in Nigeria. This punishment of stoning was charged for adulte ry. According to Azlan Reza, recently Nigeria has practiced this punishment for crimes of sodomy and adultery. However, according to Emam Malek, stoning punishment has been a long tradition in Islamic religion. Besides, when it comes to the practice of stoning adulterers,Show MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1195 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† reads as a work of horror. There is a village that holds an annual lottery where the winner is stoned to death so the village and its people could prosper. Some underlying themes include: the idea that faith and tradition are often followed blindly, and those who veer away from tradition are met with punishment, as well as the idea of a herd mentality and bystander apathy. What the author manages to do successfully is that she actuallyRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson757 Words   |  4 Pagessucceed but many fail just like the main character Tessie Hutchins on in Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery†. When someone hears the word â€Å"lottery†, he or she may think that someone will be rewarded with prize. But â€Å"The Lottery† By Shirley Jackson is different than what one thinks. In the story, a lottery is going to be conducted not like Mega Million or Powerball one play here. In the story, the person who wins the lottery is stoned to death instead of being rewarded with the prize. TessieRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson931 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1948 Shirley Jackson composed the controversial short story â€Å"The Lottery.† Generally speaking, a title such as â€Å"The Lottery† is usually affiliated with an optimistic outlook. However, Jackson’s approach is quite unorthodox and will surely leave readers contemplating the intent of her content. The story exposes a crude, senseless lottery system in which random villagers are murdered amongst their peers. Essentially, the lottery system counteracts as a form of population control, but negatives easilyRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1504 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson In The Lottery Shirley Jackson fills her story with many literary elements to mask the evil. The story demonstrates how it is in human nature to blindly follow traditions. Even though some people have no idea why they follow these traditions. The title of the story plays a role in how Shirley Jackson used some literary elements to help mask the evils and develop the story. The title â€Å"The Lottery† serves as an allegory. When people think of the lottery majorityRead More`` The Lottery `` By Shirley Jackson894 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story â€Å"The Lottery†, author Shirley Jackson demonstrates Zimbardo’s concepts in three different areas: Authority figures, Tradition and Superstition, and Loyalty. The first concept Jackson portrays in â€Å"The Lottery† is the authority figures. Jackson indicates that the lottery is being held in the town center by one authority figure, Mr. Summers, annually on June 27th. Every June 27th, without fail, townspeople gather in the town square to participate in the annually lottery even though mostRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1510 Words   |  7 PagesShirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† illustrates several aspects of the darker side of human nature. The townspeople in Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† unquestioningly adhere to a tradition which seems to have lost its relevance in their lives. The ritual that is the lottery shows how easily and willingly people will give up their free will and suspend their consciences to conform to tradition and people in authority. The same mindless complacency and obedience shown by the villagers in Jackson’s story are seenRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson8 11 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† was published by Shirley Jackson. The story was true expression of Jackson’s genuine thoughts about human beings and their heinous competence in an annual village event for corn harvest . First, her used to word symbolized main point of the story. Second, Jackson was inspired by few historical events happened in the past and a life incident in her life. Lastly, She was able to accomplish the connection between historical and biographical with the story. Therefore, Shirley Jackson’sRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson934 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson signifies the physical connection between the villagers and their unwillingness to give up their tradition. â€Å"The Lottery† is very unpredictable and quite misleading. The black box has no functionality, except every June 27th. Shirley Jackson depicts the black box as an important and traditional tool. Although the villagers in â€Å"The Lottery† are terrified of the goal of the lottery and the black box, they are unwilling to let go of the tradition. Shirley Jackson portraysRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson799 Words   |  4 Pagesthe mood and to foreshadow of things to come. The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a story in which the setting sets up the reader to think of positive outcomes. However, this description of the setting foreshadows exactly the opposite of what is to come. In addition, the theme that we learn of at the end leads us to think of where the sanity of some human beings lies. The story begins with the establishment of the setting. To begin, Shirley Jackson tells the reader what time of day and what time ofRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson1764 Words   |  7 Pagesfilled with excitement and eeriness, leaving the reader speechless. The Lottery , a short story written by famous writer Shirley Jackson, created an uproar on June 26, 1948, when it was published in the magazine The New Yorker (Ball). The gothic thriller, set in an unknown time and place, shares the tradition of a small town, a little larger than three hundred people, in which a drawing is held once a year. In this â€Å"Lottery,† each family’s husband draws a slip of paper from a black box. The husband